GRINNELL COLLEGE
ANTHROPOLOGY NEWSLETTER
Fall 1999
Produced and edited by Robyn L. Wingerter
Further Adventures in the Land of Baboons...
V. Bentley-Condit
When last we left our heroine, she had narrowly escaped the band of knife-wielding buccaneer baboons...
Our story unfolds on a warm, sunny Saturday in June just outside the hamlet of San Antonio. Our heroine had spent the morning collecting data and videotaping baboons at their best. As noon approached, she decided she had done enough for one day and it was time to leave. Our heroine, not a particularly muscular individual, walked to the one exit from the Land of Baboons and prepared to leave. Now, you must keep in mind that exiting is no easy task. Our somewhat whimpy heroine must lift a 15ft steel garage-door-like door. To do so takes all of the strength she can muster, lifting with the knees, etc., etc. So, our heroine positions herself correctly, bends her knees, looks to make sure no baboons are trying to leave with her, and lifts. Nothing happens. Obviously, she just did not do it correctly. She gets a better grip on the handle, bends her knees, plants her feet, and lifts. Again, nothing happens. Now, you should also think back to the beginning of this story. It is Saturday. Not many of the Land of Baboons' employees work on Saturday. The person who feeds the baboons has already done so and is long gone. The enclosure consists of 15 ft. or so of high solid steel walls except for the openings/windows where food is distributed. So, here is our heroine. It is Saturday, she is in an enclosure with 500 or so baboons, the door will not open, there is no one around to help, no one is likely to come looking for her, and it would be difficult for anyone to even see her unless s/he made an effort to do so. Whatever will she do? Our heroine is not happy (to say the least). She begins to make plans for spending the rest of the day and probably the night. "Well", she thinks, "at least I have water and I can probably scrounge for some monkey chow (yum) and perhaps I can climb up on one of the climbers for the night". The reader should also be aware that the Land of Baboons is not lit at night and is invaded nightly by various creatures (i.e., rats and snakes) that forage among the baboons. This is not a particularly appealing scenario to our heroine. She decides that the only possibility she has for escape (and to avoid spending the night with very curious baboons and creepy-crawly things) is to displace the baboons from one of the few "windows", watch for a random passer-by, and alert someone of her plight. She goes to the back of the enclosure. From there, one can see down a short hill to another facility that houses Macaca fasicularis. This building is some distance away. However, she can see that the door is open. This is good. It means that someone must be around. Now, all she needs is for someone to emerge from the building and to be able to attract his/her attention. Suddenly, a man leaves the building. . "Hh-ee-ll-oo", our heroine shouts while baboons look on curiously. "I'm up hh-ee-rr-ee". The man looks around trying to find the source of this disembodied voice. "I'm in the corral", our heroine shouts again, "and I'm stuck. Can you come help me?" The kind man shouts back that he will be right there. Hoorah! No night with the baboons! The man finds someone to help/protect him and comes to the rescue of our heroine. He is very nervous about opening the large garage door as he fears he will be rushed by the baboons (this
is why he brings a helper). However, he does manage to lift it enough for our heroine to crawl to the other side. He, his helper, and our heroine laugh about the incident; everyone gains a new story to tell, and they all live happily ever after. Our heroine learned a very important lesson from this incident, though. Always make sure someone knows where you are and will look for you if you do not appear in a prescribed period of time.
Remember, you cannot count on a baboon to share her/his food with you, and it is best if you do not have to ask. THE END.
Summer Capstone Project:
The Politics of Identity in the "New" Scotland.
| In the summer of 1999, Scotland opened its new parliament, established in the wake of the devolution of powers from central government to the newly elected Scottish parliament. Doug Caulkins and seven Grinnell students were on hand to study various aspects of the identity of the post-Braveheart Scotland. The project lasted 10 weeks, with 6 weeks of fieldwork in Scotland. Anna Painter ('99) served as assistant director of the project. Sarah Silberman, Brooke Heaton, Kristina Valada-Viars, Laurelin Muir, Elizabeth Neerland, and Lara Ratzlaff each had individual research projects that fit within the framework of the politics of identity. Among the topics covered are the construction of social capital within Scotland, the changing role of the political parties, the dialogue over identity, measures for attracting alienated youth back into the civil society, and the changing arts scene in the newly self-conscious Scotland. The group was based in Stirling, and traveled frequently to Glasgow or Edinburgh to carry our interviews and attend various events, including the official opening of the new Scottish Parliament. The group is collaborating on a research paper that will summarize their findings. Funding was provided by the new Capstone Program of the Fund for Excellence. Remaining in Grinnell, Christina Peters carried out research on another summer capstone project on a grid/group analysis of North American immigrant groups, using data from the Electronic Human Relations Area Files. |  |
Front Row L to R: Sarah Silberman, Brooke Heaton, and Elizabeth Neerland
Back row: Anna Painter
Sex Differences in Prehistory
Kristin D. Sobolik
Lecturer in Anthropology
Recent technological advances now allow us to determine differences in dietary intake and gender specific activities in prehistory through hormonal and DNA content of human paleofeces. Paleofecal material contains the most direct evidence available for prehistoric diet and nutrition in the form of undigested food remains consumed by specific individuals. These samples tend to preserve small, fragile remains which usually cannot be replicated from animal or plant debris excavated from archaeological sites due to preservation and recovery problems. Determining sex of paleofecal depositor allows us to analyze differences in diet between males and females of a prehistoric population. In addition, paleofeces are found in a variety of contexts and may, by their very presence, indicate gender-specific activities and travel.
Sex Determination Via Hormonal Content
For example, an analysis of hormonal content of 12 paleofeces recovered from Mammoth and Salts caves (Sobolik et al., 1996, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 101:283-290) indicated that the samples were deposited by males. These results did not allow us to determine differences in dietary intake between males and females but did provide evidence that only males may have explored and conducted mining activities in the largest cave system in the world. To date archaeologists have used human skeletal material to determine population demographics and economy, but such samples tend to be found in burials and do not reveal the travels and explorations of the person. Paleofeces, although usually found in dry environments, are recovered from numerous prehistoric settings (i.e. pueblo rooms, caves, rockshelters, open sites) and their presence in these diverse areas indicates which people were there as well.
Hormonal content (fecal steroid analysis) has proven to be a promising method for the study of endocrine function and hormone metabolism in modern humans and nonhuman primates. For the Mammoth and Salts cave samples, Patricia Whitten at the Laboratory of Reproductive Ecology at Emory University used chromatography and radioimmunoassay to measure levels of testosterone and estradiol in both modern fecal reference samples and in paleofeces. Comparing results indicated that testosterone and estradiol levels degrade through time; therefore, a ratio between the two hormones was used to indicate sex of depositor. Using AMS-radiocarbon dating techniques, the paleofeces were determined to date between 2700-2300 B.P. and contained botanical and pollen remains of a wide variety of wild and native crop species from the region, refining our knowledge of timing, seasonality, and content of native crop domestication.
Sex Determination Via DNA Content
Another technique that is proving useful to determine sex of paleofecal depositor is analysis of DNA content. Sex of depositor is determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of regions of alphoid repeats that are characteristic of human X and Y chromosomes. As of this writing all DNA analysis of paleofeces has been conducted by Andy Ogram at the Microecology Laboratory, University of Florida. In a preliminary study Sutton, Malik, and Ogram (Journal of Archaeological Science, 1996, 23:263-267) analyzed DNA content of four paleofeces, three from an open site in California and one from Lovelock Cave in Nevada. DNA was preserved only in the open site samples; two female samples and one male sample. To test recoverability of DNA from cave samples, Sobolik and Ogram analyzed an additional three samples dated to 6000 B.P. from Hinds Cave in Texas. Two samples did not contain preserved DNA and one sample was identified as female.
Significance of Sex Determination Research
These investigations demonstrate that it is possible to determine sex of paleofecal depositor through two independent techniques and make feasible the analysis of gender-specific activities and differences in dietary intake in prehistory. For this research to be truly useful on a broader scale, we need to conduct sex determination analyses on a large sample size from a single cultural-zone and time-period to identify statistically relevant dietary differences between males and females in a contemporaneous population. This type of research project could also provide a comparison of the two techniques to ascertain sex. For example, from these preliminary results of DNA and hormonal content we realize that 1) human DNA is not going to be preserved in all samples and hormones may, although in a degraded state; 2) hormonal levels overlap between males and females, whereas DNA content is either positive for male or female with no overlap; 3) DNA analysis may be useful for genetic sequencing and phylogentic affiliation study, whereas hormonal content may reveal cyclical variation if the sample is female; and 4) DNA analysis is much more expensive (approx. $250-500/sample) as compared to hormonal analysis (approx. $20-30/sample). Depending on the questions being asked, each technique may be the one most useful to each individual researcher.
Researchers of modern human populations have observed that there are dietary differences between males and females. Such research, in addition to archaeological analyses, has led archaeologists to theorize that in past human societies, from hunter-gatherers to complex civilizations, there were gender differences in dietary practices and intake as well. New advances in the determination of sex of paleofecal samples will provide direct evidence on dietary differences and specific lifetime activities between males and females in prehistory, evidence which is otherwise difficult to obtain from the archaeological record. Because paleofeces contain dietary remains of specific members of a population, these interdisciplinary analyses have the potential to revolutionize prehistoric and modern investigations of sex differences.
Other New Approaches
As stated previously, paleofecal analysis provides us with dietary information which is not usually obtainable or identifiable from other archaeological sources. For example, in a review of all known paleofecal studies of North American samples, Sobolik (North American Archaeologists 14(3):227-244) tabulated the wide variety of rodents (14 different species) and other small animals (19 different species) that were eaten by prehistoric peoples. This research was compiled to illustrate that although rodents and other small animals can contribute to non-cultural taphonomic factors in archaeological sites, they were directly used and ingested and became culturally deposited in prehistoric settings.
In another analysis, paleofecal samples from western Texas revealed that prehistoric people were probably ingesting Ephedra (Mormon tea) and Prosopis (mesquite) as medicines to cure chronic diarrhea (Sobolik and Gerrick, Journal of Ethnobiology 12(2):203-211). Evidence for this type of plant use is revealed through high concentrations of Mormon tea and mesquite pollen in the samples and ethnographic evidence indicating that these plants were extensively used as medicinal teas.
The newest avenues of paleofecal research involve assessments of nutrition and identification and analysis of constitutents that are not typically discernible with the naked eye such as protein residues, fats, carbon and nitrogen isotopes, and, of course, hormones and DNA. These recent technological and analytical advances allow us to answer broader, more encompassing questions on prehistoric diet, nutrition, and sex differences. Answers to these questions will advance archaeological understanding beyond what is currently known into areas which we thought may never be attained.
Grinnell-in-London
From Kathy Kamp and John Whittaker
London has something for any anthropological taste. As someone said, "when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life." The archaeologist sees a gigantic site - the possibility of seeing medieval sherds, 18th C pipe fragments, and occasionally paleolithic stone tools turning up in every hole in the ground makes an evening walk hazardous for the family. The physical anthropologist can marvel at the variety of the human form riding the tubes, consider the epidemiological possibilities of the blobs of gum spewed out on the sidewalk, or see in the Natural History Museum "Tyson's pygmy", the first chimpanzee specimen mounted in the 1600s as an upright biped. The post-modernist can situate hir/hesself in the dialectic of sub/super/urban life where identities are negotiated with small bits of hardware stuck through facial features. The linguist's head turns like an owl's to hear practically every language currently spoken on earth. And as for the plain, or garden variety (as they say here) cultural anthropologist? If you can't find some form of sodality, morality, community, society, ethnicity, culture, subculture, symbol or ritual to please you, there's no hope. Kathy is teaching a field methods course focusing on British youth culture, so her group now includes budding experts on raves, the local school system, and the culture of informal art galleries, to mention a few. Kathy and John together teach Museum as Text, and have now visited more museums than exist in all of the midwest. Highlights include a lesson in the 19th C school room at the Ragged School Museum, gigantic 200 year old steam engines chuffing at Kew, and animated giant insects and dinosaurs at the Natural History Museum. In the last 5 weeks, John's British Prehistory and David Campbell's Environmental History classes will take a lengthy field trip into Scotland for a taste of the northern environment (cold and wet at that time of year) and prehistoric stone monuments.
Meanwhile, we live in a tiny flat with a balcony from which you can see into the top of an open tube cutting and hear the rattle of the train every few minutes, accompanied by a faint miasma of ancient coal, soot, and human waste that characterizes the underground. Shopping is interesting. Although you can get many items not available in Grinnell (rabbit flavor cat food, fresh leechee fruit), basic groceries require a tube ride and a backpack to bring them home, and on the best days the stores are only as crowded as the worst times in Grinnell.
The program provides a lot of entertainment - some field trips and a lot of theatre performances. These are a ritual in themselves. The Londoners all dress up, but black is the universal color here, so the theatre crowd generally looks like a convention of young undertakers. At each break, the addicts (a majority) rush to light their stinksticks with one hand, while with the other they manipulate the mobile phone that no truly up-to-date citizen is without. We fit in some excursions, too. The Tower of London (advert: "stand where Henry's queens were made to kneel") and Hampton Court palace (advert: "so enchanting Henry VIII spent his honeymoon there - again and again"). Beyond the tourist path, we waded through mud on banks of the Thames River to see the stumps of a 6,000 year old forest exposed at low tide and had tea on the bridge of the permanently moored Norwegian ferry that serves as the headquarters for the Erith yacht club.
NEW CENTER FOR PRAIRIE STUDIES TAKES SHAPE
Two members of the Anthropology Department are involved in the college's interdisciplinary Center for Prairie Studies, a new entity established at the beginning of the current academic year and created through the "Fund for Excellence." Douglas Caulkins has been studying issues of ethnic identity among several populations in the British Isles, and he and student assistants have recently begun to extend the analysis to members of those populations living in Iowa. Caulkins intends to develop a course or course components dealing with ethnicity in the prairie region. Jonathan Andelson has brought together long-standing interests in ecology and environmental problems, Native Americans, and community in a tutorial called "Prairie Encounters," which he is teaching in the present semester. Next semester he will offer another prairie studies course, "Environmental History of Poweshiek County," as a senior research seminar in the Environmental Studies Concentration. Andelson is also serving as the first Director of the Center, which has already sponsored several events in the fall semester. The inaugural event was a presentation by Wes Jackson, Director of The Land Institute in Salina, Kansas, titled, "An Agriculture Where Prairie Is the Measure." The Center co-sponsored a reading by Susan Power, an enrolled member of the Standing Rock Sioux who holds a law degree from Harvard and an M.F.A. from the Iowa Writers' Workshop, from a novel-in-progress (her first, The Grass Dancer, was awarded the Ernest Hemingway Foundation Award for First Fiction). An art exhibition, "Re-Structuring the Prairie," with works by ten artists, opened in the Burling Print Study Room on October 8 and runs until November 15. The Center for Prairie Studies seeks to focus attention on the natural and cultural aspects of the prairie region, past and present, and push for more discovery mode learning and creative expression based on local and regional resources. Anyone interested in being on the Center's mailing list should write to Jonathan Andelson at the department or send an e-mail to andelson@grinnell.edu.
SAM* Seeks Fellow SAM for Companionship
The SEPC is a group comprised of Anthropology majors (all are welcome!) who want to have some say in the goings-on of the Anthropology Department. We enjoy long walks on the beach, eating Twizzlers at our meetings and planning fun events such as potlucks, tie-dye parties, and bowling tournaments. Currently, we're planning a faculty-student dinner party and a wet t-shirt contest (after we design and order the t-shirts, of course!). If this sounds like just the group for you, come to one of our get-togethers Thursdays at 9pm in Goodnow 105. Refreshments are generally provided, and it's a good chance to mingle with other SAMs. Hope to see you there!
*Sociable Anthro Major
Andelson Attends Conference,
Revisits His Roots as Ethnographer
In the summer of 1970, the month after I graduated from Grinnell with an anthropology major, I headed west to southern Utah to participate in an N.S.F.-funded training program in ethnographic research methods. In those days, the Anthropology Department did not offer methodology courses, and this was my first foray into studying people face-to-face. The two previous summers I had spent participating in archeological excavations in Mexico and British Columbia, and I was anxious to try my hand at ethnography.
In April and May of that year, the climate at college campuses across the country had grown restive as a result of the U.S. invasion of Cambodia and the killings at Jackson State and Kent State universities, and at Grinnell most of the students had been radicalized to varying degrees. Therefore, it felt odd to be heading to one of the most conservative regions of the country where, I knew, I would have to doff my beard and conceal my political feelings if I was to gain the acceptance necessary for fieldwork. After a week's intensive reading and methods training in the town of St. George, the students on the program headed off to different small towns in the vicinity to do community studies. I decided that my favorite town in the area was Rockville, which boasted one long street, a hundred and five residents, and no businesses.
As former students may remember (I've told this story before), things got off to a rough start when my landlady disclosed to me that a rumor was circulating in town that I was one of several Communist (capital "c"!) agents operating in Southern Utah that summer, surveying small communities with the intention of annihilating one as an example to the West of the strength of Soviet arms. The rumor eventually died down, and I ended up having a wonderful time studying changes in land use patterns and economic behavior during Rockville's 110 year history through oral histories and documents. That research led me the following summer to Iowa's Amana Colonies for what I expected would be a summer-long study. Instead, it turned into dissertation research and an important theme in all of my professional work since then.
For fifteeen years I have been a member of the Communal Studies Association, and every year we hold a conference at the site of some historic or contemporary intentional community. This fall's conference was held in St. George, Utah, the center of the Mormons' nineteenth century experiment in communalism called "The United Order of Enoch." As soon as I learned that we would meet in St. George, I resolved to exhume my notes from the summer of 1970, which I literally had not looked at since 1973, and present a paper at the conference on my Rockville study. I enjoyed the experience and recommend to all alumni that they find that dusty box in the closet containing some of their college papers (preferably from anthropology classes) and re-visit them. You will probably be surprised at what all you knew back then. I know I was.
I wrote my conference paper and flew out to St. George a day early. I rented a car and drove to the east, past the city's new suburban sprawl, past astonishing formations of Kayenta sandstone, and through the lovely valley of the Virgin River until I reached Rockville. At first I had difficulty getting my bearings, but soon small details came bubbling up from long-ago memories, and I caught glimpses of that young anthropologist making a map of the town, interviewing residents, attending church (which was how I beat the Communist rap), and hanging out with the local teenagers, so different from me in their behavior and their view of the world. I visited the cemetery and found most of my informants were there now. Tempus fugit.
The conference became almost an afterthought, but I went back to St. George for it, heard a lot of good papers, and delivered my own. Afterwards, I was approached by a young woman from the Utah Historical Quarterly who said she'd liked my paper and wanted to publish it in the journal if I could bring it up to the present. It reminded me of how passionate Utahns are about their own history. So I will spend a little more time down memory lane and also try to bring my analysis up to date somehow. Going back was an experience I am glad I did not miss.
Alum News
Lilah Morgan Pengra, '69 presented a paper, "Cultural Determinants of Quality of Life", at the Sixth International Conference on Aging and Disabilities in June, 1999. The paper is based on work with Lakota adults with developmental disabilities from the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota.
Dr. Jay R. Newman, '76. After graduation from Grinnell in Anthropology, he spent a few years conducting archeological fieldwork in Texas and southwest US. He entered grad school at Southern Methodist University in 1978. Conducted numerous studies around Taos, New Mexico, and Pot Creek Pueblo for SMU. He achieved the MA in 1984. Obtained archeologist position in the Ft. Worth District US Army Corps of Engineers in 1987 conducting cultural resources studies in Texas and southwest US and on military bases throughout the world. In 1996, he achieved the Ph.D. with a dissertation on "Patterns of Lithic Procurement & Utility in the Rio Grande del Rancho Valley of the Northern Rio Grande Region, New Mexico." He has published many of the chapters of the dissertation over the last several years in Journal of Field Archaeology (2), Archaeometry (out of Oxford University UK), and the Bulletin of the Texas Archaeological Society. Jon currently maintains a GS12 Archaeologist position in the Ft. Worth Corps and predominantly conducts research on Air Combat Command bases (US Air Force) throughout the US. He is currently now at Nellis AFB, Nevada.
Joanna Church, '97. She received an MA in Museum Studies with a concentration in Anthropology from George Washington University in 1999. She is currently working for the Montgomery County Historical Society as collections manager.
Caleb Sullivan, '80. Caleb has recently given up his law practice in California to return to graduate school at the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University. He worked for the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs at the US State Department this summer and is back in New York this fall to continue his program.
Bill Buckheit, '82. Bill is a technical writer for Red Jacket Electronics in Lenexa KS.
M. Cameron Hay Rollins, '88. Cameron has an article forthcoming in the fall issue of Medical Anthropology entitled "Dying Mothers."
Matt Horstman, '99. Matt is teaching English at the Senior High School in Oguni, Japan on the Japanese Exchange and Teaching Programme.
Mike Neeley, '84. He spent last year teaching at Montana State University in Bozeman. He is currently at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro on a two-year position in the anthropology department. In between packing and moving he spent the summer conducting archaeological fieldwork in Jordan.
Jocelyn Wyatt, '99. Jocelyn is living in Washington, DC along with about 1/4 of the 1999 anthropology department (Scott McNiven, Oma McLaughlin, Erin Doyle, and Neil Gipson). She is working for an international development consulting firm in their training department. She is responsible for coordinating study tours and academic programs for government officials and development workers from developing nations.
Erin Conrad, '98. After more than a year in El Salvador, Erin has switched directions and is now working with the US-El Salvador Sister Cities Network, a grass-roots organization that works on regional organizing projects. "My door is always open to anyone who wants to visit...or perhaps even stay awhile." Please write Erin at:
Erin Conrad
CCM
Apartado 601
San Salvador, El Salvador
Thad Bartlett, '88. I finished my Ph.D. in anthropology at Washington University in St. Louis this past May. My research focuses on the socio-ecology of the white-handed gibbon (a small arboreal ape found in SE Asia). For the last 2 years I've been teaching anthropology at Dickinson College in Carlisle, PA. My teaching load includes bio. anthro, cultural anthro, and archaeology! This summer I taught ethnographic field methods in Cameroon, West Africa.
New Faculty Member this year!
Kristin D. Sobolik, who is teaching two courses at Grinnell this year, is on sabbatical from The University of Maine to write a book on "Diet, Health, and Nutrition in Prehistory" for Cambridge University Press. Her research revolves around paleonutrition and the analysis of prehistoric diet and health. Kristin has conducted fieldwork in the southwestern United States, the Big Bend region of Texas, the coastal shores and inland area of Maine, and Mammoth Cave in Kentucky. Recently, she has become interested in prehistoric DNA and have been analyzing DNA content (both human, animal, and plant) of paleofeces to determine dietary differences between males and females in prehistory, biological relatedness amongst prehistoric groups, and the evolution of domesticated plants through time. She is also involved in a zoogeography project in the northeastern United States that involves mapping extinct and extant faunal species through time and across space using archaeological data. Kristin received a B.S. degree in Biology from The University of Iowa and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Anthropology from Texas A&M University. She held a postdoctoral position at Southern Illinois University before joining the faculty in the Anthropology Department and Institute for Quaternary Studies at The University of Maine.
Publications
1999: Douglas Caulkins and Susan B. Hyatt, "Using Consensus Analysis to Measure Cultural Diversity in Organizations and Social Movements." Field Methods.Vol. 11, No. 1, (5-26).
1999: Douglas Caulkins and Vicki Bentley-Condit, "Participation and page references: sharpening the focus of class discussions." In PatriciaRice and David McCurdy, (eds.) Strategies for Teaching Anthropology. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-025683-8
1999: Douglas Caulkins and Elaine Weiner, "Enterprise and Resistance in the Celtic Fringe: High Growth, Low Growth and No Growth Firms," for Local Enterprise on the North Atlantic Margin : Selected Contributions to the Fourteenth International Seminar on Marginal Regions, Reginald Byron and John Hutson, editors. Ashgate Publishing Company
1999: Douglas Caulkins, Jonathan Andelson, Vicki Bentley-Condit, and Kathryn Kamp. "Discovery-Mode Teaching using the Electronic Human Relations Area Files for Cross-Cultural Comparison." Cross Cultural Research 33 (3) (278-297).
1999: Douglas Caulkins, "Small Indigenous Firms and Regional Development" in Anthropology Newsletter (American Anthropological Association) Vol 40, No 3, March (p. 53)
1999: Douglas Caulkins, "Social Capital" in Anthropology Newsletter (American Anthropological Association) Vol 40, No 3, March (p. 53)
1999: Douglas Caulkins, "Is Mary Douglas's Grid /Group Analysis Useful for Cross-Cultural Research?" Cross-Cultural Research, 33 (1) Feb (108-128).
1999 Katya Gibel Azoulay, "Review of Crispin Sartwell, Act Like You Know: African-American Autobiography and White Identity." Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. Biography 22, (3), 372-379.
Presentations
Gautam Ghosh was invited in April to give a talk at the Dept. of Anthropology, Harvard University. In November he has been invited to give two talks, one on a Presidental Panel at the American Anthropological Association meetings -- a panel which he will also chair -- and another at the Dept of Anthropology, University of Iowa. His review of Pinney's CAMERA INDICA: THE SOCIAL LIFE OF INDIAN PHOTOGRAPHS is forthcoming in American Ethnologist.
Katya Gibel Azoulay. "Blacks, Jews and the Implications of Diversity in Higher Education." Susquihana University October 1999.
Katya Gibel Azoulay. "Flaws in the Multiracial Discourse" Colored Works: Readings and Performance by Writers of Color. Grinnell College, September 1999.
Katya Gibel Azoulay. "Color-Blindness as an Impairment." Hate-Free Lunch Series sponsored by Multicultural Affairs, Grinnell College. October 1999.
Katya Gibel Azoulay. "Race a la Carte." Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa. September 1999.
Katya Gibel Azoulay. "Personal and Collective Identities and the Politics of Mixed Race Narratives" (Commentary for Kinscripts and Ancestors: Mixed race, Lineage and Representations in Historical and Biographical Narratives). Presented to the 68th Anglo-American Conference of Historians, Institute of Historical Research. School of Advanced Study, University of London. June 1999. [invited]